How to measure Current using ACS712 Current Sensor and Arduino

Introduction

Acs712 current sensor interfacing with Arduino for AC and DC Current Measurement. In this tutorial, you will learn how to interface ACS712 hall effect current sensor with Arduino? And How to measure DC Current using asc712 hall effect sensor and how to measure AC Current using acs712 hall effect sensor. It is necessary for the high current applications to monitor the current in the circuit. Now we discuss what is ACS712 and its applications.

What is the ACS712 AC/DC Current Sensor?

ACS712 Current Sensor is a fully integrated, Hall-effect-based linear sensor IC. This IC has a 2.1kV RMS voltage isolation along with a low resistance current conductor.

It can measure both direct current and alternating current. It is a linear type sensor. It has features of noise cancellation, very high response time.it’s simply a current sensor that uses its conductor to calculate and measure the amount of current applied.

It can be used in applications requiring electrical isolation as the terminals of the conduction path are electrically isolated from the IC leads. Thus, this IC doesn’t require any other isolation techniques. This IC requires a supply voltage of 5V. Its output voltage is proportional to AC or DC current.

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Board Overview and Pinout

Sl no.	Pin	Description
1	Vcc	Input voltage is +5V for typical applications
2	Output	Outputs Analog voltage proportional to current
3	Gnd	Connected to the ground of the circuit
4	Screw Terminal	The wire through current has to be measured is connected here

Feature of ASC712

• 80kHz bandwidth
• 66 to 185 mV/A output sensitivity
• The low-noise analog signal path
• Device bandwidth is set via the new FILTER pin
• 1.2 mΩ internal conductor resistance
• Total output error of 1.5% at TA = 25°C
• Stable output offset voltage.
• Near zero magnetic hysteresis

Types of acs712 current sensors

This ACS712 sensor is classified based on the current ratings, which are mentioned below.

The circuit has different current ratings, so while choosing the current sensor choose according to your Current requirements.

Applications

• Motor speed control in motor control circuits
• Electrical load detection and management
• Switched-mode power supplies (SMPS)
• Protection for over-current

working of acs712 current sensor

This acs712 sensor consists of a  linear hall effect circuit along with a copper conduction path. The copper conduction path is located around the surface of the die. When ac or DC passes through a copper conduction path, it produces a magnetic field.

 This electromagnetic field interacts with the hall effect sensor. Hall effect circuit converts this electromagnetic field into proportional voltage either ac or dc depending on input current type.  This output voltage is measured with the help of Arduino or any microcontroller.

How to use the ACS712 module with Arduino

The ACS712 module has two phoenix terminal connectors (green color ones) with mounting screws as shown above. These are the terminals through which the wire has to be passed. In our case, I am measuring the current drawn by the motor so the wires that are going to the load (motor) are passed through the ACS 712 Module. Make sure the module is connected in series with the load and be extra cautious to avoid shorts.

On the other side, we have three pins. The Vcc is connected to +5V to power the module and the ground is connected to the ground of the MCU (system). Then the analog voltage given out by the ACS712 module is read using an analog pin on the Microcontroller.

float voltage;
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);                    //Start Serial Monitor to display current read value on Serial monitor
}

void loop()
{
  unsigned int x=0;
  float AcsValue=0.0,Samples=0.0,AvgAcs=0.0,AcsValueF=0.0;
  for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++)          //Get 10 samples
  {
    AcsValue = analogRead(A0);           //Read current sensor values   
    Samples = Samples + AcsValue;        //Add samples together
    delay (3);                           // let ADC settle before next sample 3ms
  }
  AvgAcs=Samples/10.0;                   //Taking Average of Samples
  voltage=AvgAcs*(5.0 / 1024.0);         //((AvgAcs * (5.0 / 1024.0)) is converitng the read voltage in 0-5 volts
  Serial.print("Raw Voltage:");
  Serial.print(voltage);
  AcsValueF = (2.5 - voltage)*1000/0.185; //2.5 is offset,,,   0.185v is rise in output voltage when 1A current flows at input
  Serial.print("\t");
  Serial.print("Motor Current :");
  Serial.print(AcsValueF);               //Print the read current on Serial monitor
  Serial.println(" mA");
}

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